Afrontamiento del síndrome de Burnout asociado a un rebrote de COVID-19 en Santiago de Cuba / Coping with Burnout Syndrome Associated with a COVID-19 Flare-up in Santiago de Cuba

Introducción: El personal de salud ha enfrentado disímiles riesgos durante la pandemia de COVID-19, entre ellos el síndrome de Burnout. En este proceso son fundamentales las maneras de afrontarlo. Objetivo: Identificar la presencia del síndrome de Burnout, sus factores, consecuencias y modos de afrontamiento en profesionales sanitarios. Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo transversal, realizado en el Policlínico "José Martí", Santiago de Cuba, desde diciembre del 2020 hasta febrero del 2021. Se trabajó con 71 profesionales (médicos y enfermeras). Se aplicó el Cuestionario Breve de Burnout, la Escala de modos de afrontamiento y la observación. Las variables fueron: edad, sexo, categoría ocupacional, tiempo de trabajo, presencia del síndrome de Burnout, factores, consecuencias y modos de afrontamiento. Los datos obtenidos se agruparon a través de frecuencias y porcentajes. Resultados: Prevalecieron las mujeres (83,10 por ciento), de 31 a 50 años (52,11 por ciento), con 1 a 5 años de trabajo (36,62 por ciento). Se identificó Burnout en 59 participantes (83,10 por ciento). Se encontraron repercusiones como insomnio, dolores de cabeza, afectaciones en las relaciones interpersonales y en el rendimiento laboral. Los modos de afrontamiento principales utilizados fueron autocontrol, planificación, reevaluación positiva, distanciamiento y huida-evitación. Conclusiones: El personal evaluado se encontró afectado de forma predominante por el Burnout, en lo que mediaron aspectos vinculados con las características de la tarea, la organización y tedio generado por la actividad desempeñada. En ellos se manifestaron consecuencias físicas, sociales y psicológicas, privilegiándose el uso de recursos de afrontamiento centrados en la solución del problema, la regulación emocional y el afrontamiento cognitivo(AU)

Introduction: Health personnel have faced several risks during the COVID-19 pandemic, among them Burnout syndrome. In this process, the ways to face it are key. Objective: To identify the presence of Burnout syndrome, its factors, consequences and ways of coping in health professionals. Methods: Quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study, carried out at the "José Martí" Polyclinic, Santiago de Cuba, from December 2020 to February 2021. We worked with 71 professionals (physicians and nurses). The Brief Burnout Questionnaire, the Coping Modes Scale and observation were applied. The variables were age, gender, occupational category, working time, presence of Burnout syndrome, factors, and consequences and coping modes. The data obtained were grouped by means of frequencies and percentages. Results: Women prevailed (83.10 percent), aged 31 to 50 years (52.11 percent), with 1 to 5 years of work (36.62 percent). Burnout was identified in 59 participants (83.10 percent). Repercussions were found such as insomnia, headaches, and effects on interpersonal relationships and work performance. The main coping modes used were self-control, planning, positive reappraisal, distancing and flight-avoidance. Conclusions: The personnel evaluated were predominantly affected by Burnout, mediated by aspects related to the characteristics of the task, the organization and boredom generated by the activity performed. Physical, social and psychological consequences were manifested in them, privileging the use of coping resources focused on the solution of the problem, emotional regulation and cognitive coping(AU)

O papel mediador dos estilos parentais no ajustamento psicológico de crianças e adolescentes com doenças crônicas / The mediating role of parental styles in the psychological adjustment of chronic ill children and adolescents

Uma doença crônica infantil representa uma grande fonte de stress para os pacientes e suas famílias. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar o ajustamento psicológico de crianças/adolescentes com doenças crônicas e de seus cuidadores, assim como o papel mediador dos estilos parentais. Participaram desta pesquisa 41 crianças/adolescentes com enfermidades crônicas e 72 crianças "saudáveis" e seus respectivos pais/cuidadores. Os resultados mostraram que os grupos não diferiram entre si com relação ao ajustamento psicológico tanto das crianças/adolescentes quanto dos cuidadores. Também se constatou que a negligência e punição inconsistente mediaram a relação entre o desajustamento infantil e o parental. Conclui-se sobre a natureza multideterminada e multidirecional do ajustamento psicológico, assim como a importância de intervenções psicológicas hospitalares que promovam práticas parentais positivas.

A chronic childhood illness represents a great source of stress to patients and their families. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the psychological adjustment of children/adolescents with chronic diseases and their caregivers and verify the mediating role of parental styles. 41 children/adolescents with chronic diseases and 72 healthy children and their respective parents/caregivers participated in this study. The groups did not differ concerning the psychological adjustment of both the children and their caregivers. It was also found that negligence and inconsistent punishment mediated the relationship between children and parental maladjustment. Conclusions highlight the psychological adjustment multidetermined and multidirectional nature, as well as the importance of psychological interventions aimed at promoting positive parental practices.

Research on the application of music-based psychological adjustment in improving postgraduates' mental health / Pesquisa sobre a aplicação do ajuste psicológico baseado na música na melhoria da saúde mental de pós-graduados / Investigación sobre la aplicación del ajuste psicológico musical en la mejora de la salud mental de los graduados

ABSTRACT At present, the mental health problem of postgraduates is still in the highest position, which directly affects the level of intellectual performance in social work. While mastering professional knowledge, it also requires postgraduates to have higher ideological and psychological qualities. On the basis of domestic and foreign research, this study takes the concept and advantages of music-based psychological adjustment as a theoretical basis and, through a large number of questionnaires, combined with the psychological characteristics of science and engineering postgraduates, we use the comparative method, the statistical analysis method and the experimental method to study the influence of music-based psychological adjustment on the mental health level of science and engineering postgraduates. It further illustrates that music promotes communication between man and nature. Music promotes communication between people and society. Music promotes communication between people and their inner world. Music can also build people's faith and find the home of the soul. It emphasizes the influence of music on postgraduates' emotions. The purpose of this is to build a reasonable and perfect music therapy system, so as to further enrich and strengthen the connotation and effect of mental health education in colleges and universities.

RESUMO Atualmente, o problema de saúde mental dos pós-graduados continua em sua posição mais elevada, o que afeta directamente o nível de exercício intelectual no trabalho social. Além de dominar o conhecimento profissional, também é necessário que os pós-graduados tenham qualidades ideológicas e psicológicas mais elevadas. Com base em pesquisas internas e externas, este estudo toma o conceito e as vantagens do ajuste psicológico baseado na música como base teórica e, através de diversos questionários, combinados com as características psicológicas dos pós-graduados da área de ciência e engenharia, usamos o método comparativo, o método de análise estatística e o método experimental para estudar a influência do ajuste psicológico com base na música no nível de saúde mental dos pós-graduados em ciências e engenharia. Também ilustramos que a música promove a comunicação entre o homem e a natureza. A música promove a comunicação entre as pessoas e a sociedade. A música promove a comunicação entre as pessoas e seu mundo interior. A música também pode construir a fé das pessoas e encontrar a casa da alma. Este estudo enfatiza a influência da música nas emoções dos pós-graduados. O presente estudo visa construir um sistema de terapia musical razoável e perfeito, de modo a enriquecer e fortalecer ainda mais a conotação e o efeito do sistema educacional em saúde mental em faculdades e universidades.

RESUMEN En la actualidad, el problema de salud mental de los posgraduados se encuentra todavía en la posición más alta, esto incide directamente en el nivel de desempeño intelectual en el trabajo social. Además de dominar el conocimiento profesional, también es necesario que los posgraduados tengan cualidades ideológicas y psicológicas superiores. Sobre la base de investigaciones nacionales y extranjeras, este estudio toma como base teórica el concepto y las ventajas del ajuste psicológico basado en la música. Por medio de un gran número de cuestionarios, combinados con las características psicológicas de los posgraduados en ciencias e ingeniería, utilizamos el método comparativo, el método de análisis estadístico y el método experimental para estudiar la influencia del ajuste psicológico basado en la música en la salud mental de los graduados en ciencias e ingeniería. Además, muestra que la música estimula la comunicación entre el hombre y la naturaleza, así como entre las personas y la sociedad y entre las personas y su mundo interior. La música también puede fortalecer la fe de las personas y encontrar el hogar del alma. Cabe destacar la influencia de la música en las emociones de los posgraduados. El propósito de esto es construir un sistema de musicoterapia razonable y perfecto, a fin de enriquecer y fortalecer aún más la connotación y el efecto de la educación en salud mental en colegios y universidades.

Effect of a Stoma Nursing Care Program on the Adjustment of Patients with an Ostomy / Efecto de un programa de atención de enfermería en estomaterapia en la adaptación de la persona a la ostomía de eliminación / Efeito de um programa de enfermagem em estomaterapia na adaptação da pessoa ao estoma de eliminação

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effect of a stoma nursing care program on the personal adjustment to an ostomy. Materials and methods: A quasi-experimental study with a control group. The sample of 105 patients with stoma was divided into two groups (intervention group and control group), with assessments in the first and sixth month after hospital discharge. Information was collected using the Elimination Ostomy Adjustment Scale. Student's t-tests analysis were performed. Results: One month after hospital discharge, the adjustment to the stoma was satisfactory and similar (p > 0.05) in both groups, and in the sixth month, statistically more favorable in the intervention group (p < 0.001); a statistically significant difference between the two assessments (p < 0.001) is found in the intervention group only. Conclusions: The intervention program has a positive influence on the adjustment to the stoma, and its contribution is significant six months after hospital discharge. Systematic interventions of an ostomy care specialized nurse have shown positive effects on ostomy adjustment, which is recommended since the preoperative period.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de un programa de atención de enfermería en estomaterapia en la adaptación de la persona a la ostomía de eliminación (OE). Materiales y métodos: estudio cuasiexperimental con grupo control. La muestra de 105 personas con OE se dividió en dos grupos (grupo de intervención y grupo de control), con evaluación en el primer y sexto mes después del alta hospitalaria. La información se recopiló mediante la Escala de Adaptación a la Ostomía de Eliminación. Se realizaron pruebas t de Student para el análisis estadístico. Resultados: en el primer mes después del alta hospitalaria, la adaptación a la OE fue satisfactoria y similar (p > 0,05) en los dos grupos y el sexto mes fue estadísticamente más favorable en el grupo de intervención (p < 0,001), con diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el grupo de intervención entre los dos momentos de evaluación (p < 0,001). Conclusiones: el programa influenció positivamente la adaptación a la OE y su contribución se hizo visible al sexto mes después del alta hospitalaria. La intervención sistemática de la enfermería en estomaterapia reveló un efecto favorable en la adaptación a la OE, por lo que es recomendable que se inicie en el período preoperatorio.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar o efeito de um programa de intervenção de enfermagem em estomaterapia na adaptação da pessoa à ostomia de eliminação (OE). Material e métodos: estudo quasi-experimental com grupo de controlo. A amostra de 105 pessoas com OE repartiu-se por dois grupos (grupo de intervenção e grupo de controlo), com avaliação ao primeiro e sexto mês depois da alta hospitalar. A informação foi recolhida com a Escala de Adaptação à Ostomia de Eliminação. Realizaram-se testes t-Student para análise estatística. Resultados: ao primeiro mês, a adaptação à OE era satisfatória e semelhante (p > 0,05) nos dois grupos, sendo ao sexto mês, estatisticamente mais favorável no grupo de intervenção (p < 0,001); com diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os dois momentos de avaliação (p < 0,001), no grupo de intervenção. Conclusões: o programa de intervenção influenciou positivamente o percurso de transição para a adaptação à OE, sendo visível o seu contributo, ao sexto mês depois da alta hospitalar. A intervenção sistematizada da enfermeira estomaterapeuta revelou um efeito favorável na adaptação à OE, sendo recomendável desde o período pré-operatório.

Psychological Adjustment During Outbreak of COVID-19 Based on Traditional Chinese Medicine Emotion Therapy / 中国实验方剂学杂志

The outbreak of corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19) not only endangers the public life and health, but also poses threats to the public mental health. Under the atmosphere of tension and fear, the public often produces adverse emotional reactions to psychological stress, and even has extreme behaviors, which seriously affects physical and mental health. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） emotional therapy is based on the TCM consciousness theory in adherence to the holistic view of "integration of mind and body". It adopts safe and effective emotional conditioning methods to regulate mood, eliminate bad emotions, maintain mental health, and enhance the body's immunity to achieve the effect of treating or preventing physical and mental diseases. It has differentiated applications in many medical fields, such as post-traumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, cancer and hospice, with good clinical efficacy. By analyzing the theoretical origin, research status, application range of TCM sentiment therapy, as well as the current public psychological state of the COVID-19 epidemic, we innovatively proposed TCM sentiment therapies, such as calm emotion method, diversion of attention method, suggestive induction method, obedient mind method, music delight method, TCM refreshing method and auricular pressing method, and comprehensively applied them in the public psychological adjustment during the outbreak, with the aim to provide rational and effective psychological guidance, help the public to correctly understand various bad emotions during the outbreak, enhance their abilities to cope with it and adjust psychological problems, maintain a good mentality, and pass the epidemic period smoothly. At the same time, in order to make better use of the advantages of TCM sentiment therapy and benefit the public, it is advocated to widely apply TCM sentiment therapy in similar public health events and public psychological care in the daily life, for the purpose of preventing before disease outset and preventing progress of disease, and effectively protecting the physical and mental health of the people.

Psychosocial Predictors of Infertile Women's Distress

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine whether psychological distress of infertile women would differ according to demographic and infertility characteristics, and psychosocial variables such as neuroticism, self-esteem, coping style, and dyadic communication patterns. METHODS: A total of 466 infertile Korean women attending four infertility clinics and being recruited through an online survey center participated in the study. Psychological distress was assessed using the Korean version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale. The data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficients, a one-way analysis of variance, and hierarchical multiple regression. RESULTS: Overall psychological distress among infertile women did not differ significantly from that of healthy adult groups. However, infertile women who were of younger age or in the treatment preparation or rest period were shown to have a higher level of psychological distress. Hierarchical regression analyzes showed that after controlling demographic and infertility characteristics, psychosocial variables such as neuroticism, self-esteem, active/passive avoidance coping, and dyadic demanding/withdrawn communication patterns explained 52.5 % of psychological distress. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that a high-risk group is characterized with high neuroticism, low self-esteem, avoidance coping, and dyadic demanding/withdrawn communication pattern. There is a crucial need for developing an intervention which addresses infertile women's coping styles and marital communication.

Being a mother of preterm multiples in the context of socioeconomic disadvantage: perceived stress and psychological symptoms / Ser mãe de múltiplos prematuros no contexto de desvantagem socioeconômica: estresse percebido e sintomas psicológicos

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to examine the differences between mothers of preterm multiples and mothers of preterm singletons regarding perceived stress and maternal psychological symptoms, and to explore the putative adverse amplified effect of socioeconomic disadvantage. Method: Ninety-five mothers of 1-year-olds born preterm participated in this cross-sectional study. Data collection was carried out in two public hospitals from Northern Portugal. To assess maternal perceived daily stress and psychological symptoms, mothers completed two questionnaires. Mothers reported on socioeconomic factors, including family poverty, parent unemployment, and low education, and two groups of family socioeconomic disadvantage were created. A child medical risk index was calculated. Results: Results indicated that mothers of preterm multiples reported higher levels of stress than mothers of preterm singletons. Moreover, and specifically regarding psychological functioning, mothers of preterm multiples reported more symptoms than mothers of preterm singletons, but only when living in a context of socioeconomic adversity. Conclusions: The results of the present study have important implications for practice. Mothers of preterm multiples are at higher risk to present mental health difficulties, in comparison to mothers of singletons, especially when exposed to socioeconomic adversities. The development of psychosocial intervention programs and public policies are of decisive importance in helping mothers of multiples adjust to parenthood.

Resumo Objetivo: Examinar as diferenças entre mães de múltiplos prematuros e mães de filhos únicos prematuros a respeito de estresse percebido e sintomas psicológicos maternos e explorar o efeito adverso amplificado putativo da desvantagem socioeconômica. Método: Participaram deste estudo transversal 95 mães de crianças de um ano nascidas prematuras. A coleta de dados foi feita em dois hospitais públicos do norte de Portugal. Para avaliar o estresse diário percebido e os sintomas psicológicos maternos, as mães responderam dois questionários. As mães relataram fatores socioeconômicos, incluindo pobreza familiar, desemprego dos pais e baixo nível de escolaridade, e foram criados dois grupos de desvantagem socioeconômica familiar. Foi calculado um índice de risco médico infantil. Resultados: Os resultados indicaram que as mães de múltiplos prematuros relataram maiores níveis de estresse do que as mães de filhos únicos prematuros. Além disso e especificamente com relação ao funcionamento psicológico, as mães de múltiplos prematuros relataram mais sintomas do que as mães de filhos únicos prematuros, porém apenas quando moravam em um contexto de adversidade socioeconômica. Conclusões: Os resultados deste estudo possuem importantes implicações para a prática. As mães de múltiplos prematuros apresentam maior risco de dificuldades de saúde mental, em comparação a mães de filhos únicos, principalmente quando expostas a adversidades socioeconômicas. O desenvolvimento de programas de intervenção psicossocial e políticas públicas é de importância decisiva ao ajudar as mães de filhos múltiplos a se ajustarem à maternidade.

Estímulos, afrontamiento y adaptación en padres de recién nacidos hospitalizados en unidades de cuidado intensivo neonatal / Stimuli, coping and adaptation in parents of newborns hospitalized in neonatal intensive care units

La hospitalización de un hijo provoca reacciones intensas que pueden afectar la salud y el vínculo padres-hijo cuando las demandas son desbordantes para los recursos personales y del medio. Según el modelo de adaptación de Roy, estímulos focales y contextuales pueden producir estrés y generar respuestas mediadas por diferentes formas de afrontamiento. Objetivo: Identificar en padres de neonatos hospitalizados en una unidad de cuidado intensivo neonatal el afrontamiento, la adaptación y el grado en que experimentaron estresantes estímulos focales y contextuales. Método: Estudio descriptivo-transversal. Se seleccionaron 60 padres a través de muestreo no probabilístico y por conveniencia. Se utilizó la Coping Adaptation Processing Scale con un alfa de Cronbach de 0,88 y un coeficiente de correlación de Sperman de r = 0,94; entre tanto, el instrumento nivel de estrés experimentado frente a estímulos focales y contextuales tuvo una confiabilidad con un alfa de Cronbach de 0,8. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva y medidas de tendencia central; además, se emplearon porcentajes y frecuencias para las variables cualitativas, al igual que media, desviación estándar y rango, para las cuantitativas. Resultados: Seis de nueve estímulos contextuales se experimentaron con alto nivel de estrés por el 67 % de los padres. La presencia de tubos y catéteres en su hijo produjo los mayores puntajes. Utilizaron mecanismos reguladores comportamentales y cognitivos en busca de adaptación, pero no presentaron niveles óptimos. Conclusiones: Es necesario desarrollar estrategias de cuidado para favorecer mejores condiciones de adaptación y reducir el nivel de estrés en los padres.

The hospitalization of a child provokes strong reactions that can affect health and parent-child bond when demands are overwhelming for personal and environmental resources. According to Roy adaptation model, focal and contextual stimuli can produce stress and generate responses mediated by different ways of coping. Objective: To identify coping, adaptation and the degree to which stressful focal and contextual stimuli experienced in parents of hospitalized infants in a neonatal intensive care unit. Method: D escriptive c ross-sectional s tudy. 6 0 p arents w ere s elected t hrough non-probability and convenience sampling. The Coping Adaptation Processing Scale was used with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.88 and a Spearman correlation coefficient of r = 0.94; Meanwhile, the instrument level of stress experienced against focal and contextual stimuli had a reliability with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.8. Descriptive statistics and measures of central tendency were used; Additionally frequencies and percentages were used for qualitative variables and mean, standard and range deviation were used for quantitative variables. Results: Six of nine contextual stimuli were experienced with high stress level by 67% of parents. The presence of tubes and catheters in their child produced the highest scores. Cognitive and behavioral regulatory mechanisms were used seeking to adapt, but did not show optimal levels. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop care strategies to promote better conditions for adaptation and reduce the level of parental stress.

Identidad social y procesos de adaptación de niños víctimas de violencia política en Colombia / Social identity and adjustment processes of child victims of political violence in Colombia

Se analiza el proceso de adaptación psicológica y sociocultural de niños en situación de desplazamiento forzado, identificando los factores que favorecen y obstaculizan su adaptación, así como la incidencia de su identidad social en este proceso, visto a la luz de la teoría de la aculturación de Berry (1997) y la teoría de la identidad social de Tajfel y Turner (1987). Este estudio cualitativo es un análisis secundario asumido desde la perspectiva de descripción densa (Geertz, 2000). Se recopilaron un total de 26 entrevistas, realizadas a niñas, niños y padres en situación de desplazamiento forzado, docentes, estudiantes y padres de una comunidad escolar con alta recepción de población desplazada. En el procesamiento de la información se utilizó la técnica de análisis de contenido. Los resultados sugieren que el apoyo emocional contribuye a la adaptación de la población desplazada debido, sobre todo, a que promueve el sentido psicológico de comunidad. Por otro lado, se muestra la importancia del papel de la escuela en el logro de procesos de inclusión y estrategias de integración que pueden promover el bienestar de la población infantil víctima de violencia política.

An analysis is made on the process of psychological and sociocultural adaptation of children in situations of forced displacement. This includes identifying the factors promoting and preventing adaptation, and the impact of their social identity in this process, from the perspective of Berry's (1997) theory of acculturation and the theory of social identity by Tajfel and Turner (1987). This qualitative study is a secondary analysis undertaken from the perspective of thick description (Geertz, 2000). A total of 26 interviews were conducted, with the interviewees being children and parents in situations of forced displacement, as well as teachers, students and parents of a school community with high reception of displaced population. The content analysis technique was used in the processing of information. The results suggest that emotional support contributes to adaptation, mainly because it promotes the psychological sense of community. On the other hand, the important role of the school in achieving processes of inclusion and integration strategies is shown, as it that can promote the well-being of child victims of political violence.

Efectos en la adherencia al tratamiento y en el ajuste psicológico luego de la revelación del diagnóstico de VIH/SIDA con el modelo clínico "DIRE" en niños y jóvenes colombianos menores de 17 años / Effects in the adherence treatment and psychological adjustment after the disclosure of HIV/AIDS diagnosis with the "DIRE" clinical model in Colombian children under 17

Background: A study in five Colombian cities in 2006, confirms the findings of other international studies: the majority of HIV-positive children not know their diagnosis, caregivers are reluctant to give this information because they believe that the news will cause emotional distress to the child becoming primary purpose of this study to validate a model of revelation. Materials and Methods: We implemented a clinical model, referred to as: "DIRE" that hypothetically had normalizing effects on psychological adjustment and adherence to antiretroviral treatment of HIV seropositive children, using a quasi-experimental design. Test were administered (questionnaire to assess patterns of disclosure and non-disclosure of the diagnosis of VIH/SIDA on children in health professionals and participants caregivers, Family Apgar, EuroQol EQ- 5D, MOS Social Support Survey Questionnaire Information treatment for VIH/SIDA and child Symptom Checklist CBCL/6-18 adapted to Latinos) before and after implementation of the model to 31 children (n: 31), 30 caregivers (n: 30) and 41 health professionals. Data processing was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Science version 21 by applying parametric tests (Friedman) and nonparametric (t Student). Results: No significant differences in adherence to treatment (p = 0.392), in the psychological adjustment were found positive significant differences at follow-ups compared to baseline 2 weeks (p: 0.001), 3 months (p: 0.000) and 6 months (p: 0.000). Conclusions: The clinical model demonstrated effectiveness in normalizing of psychological adjustment and maintaining treatment compliance. The process also generated confidence in caregivers and health professionals in this difficult task.

Antecedentes: Un estudio realizado en cinco ciudades colombianas en el 2006 ratificó lo hallado en investigaciones internacionales: los niños con infección por VIH desconocen su diagnóstico; los cuidadores son renuentes a dar esta información porque consideran que la noticia causará estrés emocional al menor, convirtiéndose en propósito principal de este estudio validar un modelo de revelación. Materiales y Métodos: Se implementó un modelo clínico, denominado: "DIRE", el cual, hipotéticamente tendría efectos de normalización del ajuste psicológico y adherencia al tratamiento anti-retroviral de niños con infección por VIH, mediante diseño cuasi-experimental. Se administraron pruebas (cuestionario para evaluar los patrones de revelación y no revelación del diagnóstico de VIH/SIDA a menores en profesionales de la salud y cuidadores participantes, Apgar Familiar, EuroQol EQ -5D, encuesta de apoyo social MOS, cuestionario de información del tratamiento para el VIH/SIDA y la Lista de Síntomas del Niño CBCL/6-18 adaptado a población latina) antes y después de la implementación del modelo a 31 niños (n: 31), 30 cuidadores (n: 30) y 41 profesionales de la salud (n: 41). El procesamiento de datos se realizó con el paquete estadístico para las ciencias sociales SPSS versión 21 mediante la aplicación de pruebas paramétricas (Friedman) y no paramétricas (Prueba T). Resultados: No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la adherencia al tratamiento (p: 0,392), en el ajuste psicológico se encontraron diferencias significativas positivas en los seguimientos comparados con el basal: dos semanas (p: 0,001); tres meses (p: 0,000) y seis meses (p: 0,000). Conclusiones: El modelo "DIRE" demostró eficacia en la normalización del ajuste psicológico y mantenimiento del cumplimiento terapéutico, favoreciendo la confianza de profesionales y cuidadores participantes en este difícil proceso.

Diferencias de género en la percepción de estrés y estrategias de afrontamiento en pacientes con cáncer colorrectal que reciben quimioterapia / Gender Differences in Perceived Stress and Coping Strategies among Colorectal Cáncer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy / Diferenças de gênero na percepção de estresse e estratégias de enfrentamento em pacientes com câncer colorretal que fazem quimioterapia

Objetivo: verificar si existen diferencias de género en la percepción de estrés y estrategias de afrontamiento; identificar las estrategias de afrontamiento y las variables clínicas y sociodemográficas que influyen sobre el estrés de pacientes con cáncer colorrectal en quimioterapia. Materiales y métodos: estudio transversal con abordaje cuantitativo. Conformaron la muestra 100 pacientes, 47 mujeres y 53 hombres, de la unidad ambulatoria de quimioterapia del AC Camargo Cáncer Center, Brasil. Se utilizó la Escala de Estrés Percibido (PSS-10) e Inventario de Estrategias de Coping. El análisis estadístico fue mediante el test-t, correlación de Pearson y regresión linear con 95% de intervalo de confianza. Resultados: Las mujeres tuvieron más altos niveles de estrés (p = 0,029), y no hubo diferencia de género en las estrategias de afrontamiento. Adicionalmente, identificamos influencia positiva al estrés percibido en pacientes comprometidos con otras enfermedades (β = 3,50, p = 0,00), género femenino (β = 3,15, p = 0,04), viudos (β = 9,19, p = 0,00), tratamiento con fluorouracil (β = 6,36, p = 0,00), que usan estrategias de dominio del afrontamiento (β = 0,70, p = 0,00), aceptación de responsabilidad (β = 0,45, p = 0,01) y estadio del tumor III (β = 4,03, p = 0,05). Conclusiones: el equipo de enfermería oncológica, por estar en estrecho y prolongado contacto con los pacientes, debe considerar el género y las características clínicas y sociodemográficas de cada paciente durante su cuidado.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to verify whether or not there are gender differences in the perception of stress and in coping strategies. It also was designed to identify coping strategies and clinical and socio-demographic variables that influence colorectal Cáncer patient stress in chemotherapy. Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. The sample was comprised of 100 patients: 47 women and 53 men, from the outpatient chemotherapy unit at the AC Camargo Cáncer Center in Brazil. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and the Coping Strategies Inventory were used. Statistical analysis was done using the t-test, Pearson correlation and linear regression with 95% confidence interval. Findings: Women had higher stress levels (p = 0.029), and there was no gender difference in coping strategies. In addition, a positive influence on perceived stress was identified in patients compromised by other diseases (β = 3.50, p = 0.00), females (β = 3.15, p = 0.04), widowers (β = 9, 19, p = 0.00), treatment with fluorouracil (β = 6.36, p = 0.00), patients using coping strategies (β = 0.70, p = 0.00), acceptance of responsibility (β = 0.45, p = 0.01) and stage III tumor (β = 4.03, p = 0.05). Conclusions: Because the oncology nursing team is in close and prolonged contact with patients, it should take into account each patient's gender and clinical and socio-demographic characteristics when providing care.

Objetivo: verificar se existem diferenças de gênero na percepção de estresse e estratégias de enfretamento; identificar as estratégias de enfrentamento e as variáveis clínicas e sociodemográficas que influenciam no estresse de pacientes com câncer colorretal em quimioterapia. Materiais e métodos: estudo transversal com abordagem quantitativa. A amostra está formada por 100 pacientes (47 mulheres e 53 homens), da unidade ambulatória de quimioterapia do AC Camargo Cáncer Center, Brasil. Utilizaram-se Escala de Estresse Percebido (PSS-10) e Inventário de Estratégias de Coping. A análise estatística se deu mediante o teste-t, correlação de Pearson e regressão linear com 95% de intervalo de confiança. Resultados: as mulheres tiveram mais altos níveis de estresse (p = 0,029) e não houve diferença de gênero nas estratégias de enfrentamento. Além disso, identificamos influência positiva no estresse percebido em pacientes comprometidos com outras doenças (β = 3,50, p = 0,00), gênero feminino (β = 3,15, p = 0,04), viúvos (β = 9,19, p = 0,00), tratamento com fluorouracil (β = 6,36, p = 0,00), que usam estratégias de domínio do enfrentamento (β = 0,70, p = 0,00), aceitação de responsabilidade (β = 0,45, p = 0,01) e estágio do tumor III (β = 4,03, p = 0,05). Conclusões: a equipe de enfermagem oncológica, por estar em contato direto e prolongado com os pacientes, deve considerar o gênero e as características clínicas e sociodemográficas de cada paciente durante seu cuidado.

Association of Depression and Survival in Patients with Cancer over 10 Years

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify the effects of depression on the survival of patients with cancer over a 10 year period. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted to examine survival of 218 patients with stomach, colorectal and breast cancer, who had been treated for cancer from 2002 to 2011. Depression was assessed by using the Symptom Check List-90 Revision in 2002, and hope, fighting spirit and other potential confounders were also measured to control for their effects on the association between depression and the survival time. Data on survival were collected from the Statistics Korea and also from medical record in 2011. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazard regression model were used to examine if depression affected survival. RESULTS: The total number of death was 106, and the non-survivors scored higher on depression than survivors. Depression was found to be one of the influencing factors on survival from cancer. CONCLUSION: Depression was significantly associated with the increased risk of death in cancer patients. Further research is needed to identify in details which type of emotional interventions can extend the survival time of cancer patients in depression.

Psychological adjustment in children with episodic migraine: a population-based study

We investigated psychological adjustment in a preadolescent pediatric population as a function of headache diagnosis. Children from a city public education system were enrolled in this study.

Avaliação de depressão, ansiedade, qualidade de vida e bem-estar psicológico em pacientes com diagnóstico de neoplasia endócrina múltipla tipo 2 / Depression assessment, anxiety, quality of life and well-being psychological in patients diagnosed with cancer multiple endocrine type 2

Introdução: A neoplasia endócrina múltipla tipo 2 (MEN2) é uma doença hereditária autossômica dominante causada por mutação germinativa RET, que cursa com carcinoma medular de tireóide (CMT), feocromocitoma (Feo) e hiperparatireoidismo. O CMT é uma neoplasia maligna, que se desenvolve já na 1ª década de vida, pouco responsiva a quimioterapia/radioterapia. Assim, tireoidectomia profilática é indicada antes dos 5 ou dos 10 anos, dependendo do códon mutado, para assegurar a cura. O CMT é um tumor de crescimento lento e os pacientes convivem com o diagnóstico de câncer por décadas. Além disto, podem desenvolver Feo, predispondo os ao risco de óbito por infarto agudo do miocárdio ou acidente vascular em idade jovem. Somam-se situações de stress como risco de transmissão aos descendentes, expectativa de resultados de exames periódicos e risco de múltiplas cirurgias. Há poucos trabalhos enfocando os aspectos psíquicos em MEN2. O doente oncológico pode desenvolver sintomas psicológicos de: ansiedade, depressão, angústia, medo de recorrência da doença, perturbações psicossomáticas, stress decorrente das cirurgias e auto-conceito negativo. Objetivos: avaliar a sintomatologia ansiosa e depressiva, a qualidade de vida, o ajustamento psicológico, a presença de culpa auto-referida pela transmissão da doença aos filhos, o conhecimento da doença e a adesão ao tratamento. Casuística: Avaliação de 43 pacientes pertencentes a 12 famílias com diagnóstico clínico e gênico de MEN2. Metodologia: Avaliação psicológica por Entrevista semidirigida, Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão (HAD), European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life, Escala de Ajustamento Mental para Câncer e Estrutura Fatorial. A análise dos dados foi realizada de modo quantitativo e qualitativo. Resultados: Todos os 43 pacientes com MEN2 apresentavam CMT (100%) e 19 deles tinham diagnóstico prévio ou atual de Feo (44%; 19/43). Dos 43 pacientes, 16 (37%) tratados por CMT...

Introduction: Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2) is autosomal-dominant hereditary cancer syndrome caused by germline RET mutation with high susceptibility to develop tumors as medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), pheochromocytoma (Pheo), and hyperparathyroidism. The CMT is a malignancy that develops already in the 1st decade of life, poorly responsive to chemotherapy / radiotherapy. Thus, prophylactic thyroidectomy is indicated before 5 or 10 years, depending on the mutated codon to ensure healing. The CMT is a slow-growing tumor and the patients live with the diagnosis of cancer for decades. In addition, they can develop Pheo, predisposing them to risk of death from myocardial infarction or stroke at a young age. Add to stress conditions such as risk of transmission to offspring, expectative for results of periodic examinations and risk of multiple surgeries. It is known that cancer patients can develop psychological symptoms of anxiety, depression, distress, fear of recurrence, stress for surgery and negative self-concept. However, studies focusing on the psychological aspects in MEN2 are strict and mainly related with the time of RET genetic testing and genetic counselling. Objectives: To assess anxious and depressive symptoms, quality of life, psychological adjustment, presence of guilt by self-reported disease transmission to children, knowledge of disease and treatment adherence. Methods: Evaluation of 43 patients from 12 families with clinical and genetic diagnosis of MEN2. Methodology: Psychological assessment by semi-directed interview, Scale Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD), European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Scale, Mental Adjustment to Cancer and Factor Structure. Data analysis was performed quantitatively and qualitatively. Results: All 43 patients had CMT MEN2 (100%) and 19 had previous or current diagnosis of pheochromocytoma (44%, 19/43). Of the 43 patients, 16 (37%) treated by...

Saúde e bem-estar nos adolescentes imigrantes em Espanha e Portugal: um estudo comparativo / A comparative study on the health and well-being of adolescent immigrants in Spain and Portugal

O modo como as novas gerações de imigrantes se irão integrar nas sociedades espanhola e portuguesa terá uma influência decisiva no futuro de ambos os países. Promover a sua saúde, bem-estar e adaptação psicológica é por isso uma questão de interesse estratégico. Este trabalho analisa os factores em jogo no bem-estar e adaptação psicológica numa amostra de 108 adolescentes (55 rapazes e 53 raparigas), filhos de imigrantes em Huelva (Espanha) e no Algarve (Portugal), com idades compreendidas entre os 10 e os 17 anos. Foram recolhidos dados sobre as características sócio-demográficas e o bem-estar percebido dos adolescentes. Utilizámos o KIDSCREEN-52, questionário que avalia a percepção dos adolescentes sobre a sua saúde e bem-estar em dez dimensões: Bem-estar físico, Bem-estar psicológico, Estado de ânimo, Auto-percepção, Autonomia, Relações com os pais e vida familiar, Recursos económicos, Apoio social e dos pares, Ambiente escolar e Aceitação social (Bullying-rejeição). Entre os principais resultados destacamos as diferenças significativas entre as pontuações obtidas na amostra de Espanha e Portugal no Bem-estar físico, Bem-estar psicológico, Estado de ânimo, Recursos económicos e Aceitação social (Bullying-rejeição) respectivamente. Os rapazes percebem-se com melhor bem-estar físico. O nível de escolaridade da mãe está relacionado com o bem-estar psicológico e o estado de ânimo. Não encontrámos efeitos do tempo de residência nem de outras variáveis sociodemográficas estudadas no bem-estar e adaptação psicológica dos adolescentes.

Perfis de vinculação, coparentalidade e ajustamento familiar em pais recém-divorciados: diferenças no ajustamento psicológico / Attachment, coparenting and family adjustment profiles in newly divorced parents: differences in psychological adjustment

O objectivo deste estudo foi identificar, através de uma análise de cluster, perfis de regulação individual-diádica-sistémica em pais récem-divorciados (N=81) com base na vinculação, coparentalidade e ajustamento familiar. Três padrões de regulação foram identificados: regulado-seguro (RS), desregulado-ansioso (DA) e desregulado-evitante (DE). O grupo RS mostrou níveis mais elevados de segurança na vinculação, maior qualidade na coparentalidade e no ajustamento familiar que os grupos DA e DE. A coparentalidade e o funcionamento familiar foram as dimensões que melhor diferenciaram os clusters. Avaliando o ajustamento psicológico dos pais recém-divorciados em função dos perfis encontrados, o grupo RS apresentou maiores níveis de ajustamento psicológico do que os restantes dois grupos. Não foram encontradas diferenças no ajustamento psicológico entre os grupos DA e DE.

The aim of this study was to identify, using a cluster analysis, profiles of individual-dyadic-systemic regulation in newly divorced parents (N =81). Three profiles of regulation were identified: secure/regulated (SR), anxious/dysregulated (AD) and avoidant/dysregulated (ED). The SR group reported higher levels of attachment security and high levels of perceived parenting alliance and family adjustment than AD and ED groups. Coparenting and family functioning were the dimensions that better discriminate between clusters. Assessing the newly divorced parents' psychological adjustment using the three profiles found, the parents of SR group showed higher levels of psychological adjustment than the ones in the other two groups. There were no differences in psychological adjustment between the AD and ED groups.

Propuesta de cuidado de enfermería domiciliario en personas mastectomizadas: adaptación – afrontamiento / Nursing care household proposal’s in mastectomized people: adaptation - coping

Introducción: Cáncer de mama una amenaza para la salud a nivel mundial que constituye ya una prioridad, el cuidado de enfermería a personas con esta afección es fundamental, su acompañamiento en el perioperatorio y recuperación en el domicilio apoya la disminución de complicaciones y la adaptación a su situación, siendo la mastectomía un proceso quirúrgico agresivo, acompañado de consecuencias traumáticas, que requiere estrategias de afrontamiento adecuadas. Objetivo: Diseñar un programa de cuidado de enfermería que promueva estrategias de afrontamiento favoreciendo la adaptación y disminución de complicaciones. Materiales y Métodos: Se realiza estudio previo identificando prevalencia de diagnósticos de enfermería en mujeres mastectomizadas, se revisan y analizan planes de cuidado publicados en literatura nacional e internacional, se identifican los modos de adaptación afectados según los diagnósticos presentados, para concluir con la propuesta de cuidado domiciliario con apoyo de tipología de problemas de adaptación y taxonomía para enfermería. Resultados: Edades prevalecientes 20 a 45 años y de 45 a 60, 76% casadas, 81% sin impedimento para el cuidado en casa, la prevalencia de diagnósticos de enfermería en dos instituciones de salud es similar variando en sus frecuencias, los diagnósticos identificados frecuentemente son contemplados en los planes de cuidados publicados, Se distinguen alteración en los cuatro modos de adaptación, con base en la información se conforma el algoritmo de actuación como propuesta de programa de cuidado domiciliario. Discusión y Conclusiones: La elaboración de estudios exploratorios y el análisis lógico deductivo, permite una aproximación al fenómeno de estudio, y apoya la realización de programas de cuidados multidisciplinario.

Introduction: Breast cancer a threat to global health that is already a priority nursing care for people with this condition is essential, accompaniment in the perioperative and recovery at home supports the reduction of complications and adaptation their situation, being the aggressive surgical procedure mastectomy, accompanied by other traumatic, requiring appropriate coping strategies. Objective: To design a program of nursing care that promotes coping strategies favoring adaptation and reduced complications. Materials and Methods: We performed preliminary study identifying prevalence of nursing diagnoses in women with mastectomies, are reviewed and discussed care plans published in national and international literature, we identify the modes of adaptation affected by the diagnoses presented, concluding with the proposed home care supported by type of adjustment problems and taxonomy for nursing. Results: Age prevailing 20 to 45 years and 45 to 60, 76% married, 81% no impediment to home care, the prevalence of nursing diagnoses in two health institutions is similar varying frequencies, commonly identified diagnoses are listed in the care plans published alteration are distinguished in the four modes of adaptation, based on the information conforms algorithm performance as a proposed program of home care. Discussions and Conclusions: The development of exploratory and logical deductive analysis, an approach allows the phenomenon of study, and supports the implementation of multidisciplinary care programs.

Subjective and psychologicalwell-being of students of aUniversity of the Third Age: benefits of continuing education forpsychological adjustment in the elderly / Bem-estar subjetivo e psicológico de idosos de uma universidade aberta à terceira idade: os benefícios da educação permanente no ajustamento psicológico

The present study sought to characterize the degree of general satisfaction with life and degree of satisfaction on four domains: health, physical capacity, mental capacity and social involvement, and to determine the characteristics of self-reports of individuals enrolled on the program in relation to their psychological well-being focusing on the dimensions: autonomy, personal growth, control, positive relationships with others, purpose, personal acceptance and generativity, and to analyse the effect of time studying on level of well-being. Method: A total of 140 elderly students of a University for the Third Age took part in the study. The Global Satisfaction With Life Scale and the Self Development Scale (with six psychological well-being subscales) were applied. Continuous variables for the two groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney test. Spearmans correlation coefficient was used to analyze the relationship among numeric variables. Internal consistency of the instrument scales was analysed by calculating Cronbachs alpha coefficient. Results: Results showed that students who had attended the University of the Third Age for six months or longer had a higher level of satisfaction with life and greater psychological adjustment compared with new entrants to the same institution. Conclusion: The study results confirmed the positive effects of continuing education on the well-being of elderly and its contribution to successful aging.

O presente estudo visou caracterizar o grau de satisfação geral com a vida e o grau de satisfação referenciada a quatro domínios: saúde, capacidade física, capacidade mental e envolvimento social; conhecer as características dos autorrelatos dos inscritos no programa em relação ao próprio bem-estar psicológico, focando as dimensões: autonomia, crescimento pessoal, domínio, relações positivas com os outros, propósito, autoaceitação e geratividade; analisar a influência do tempo no nível de bem-estar. Método: Participaram do estudo 140 idosos frequentadores de uma Universidade Aberta à Terceira Idade. Utilizou-se uma Escala de Satisfação Geral Com a Vida e outra de Desenvolvimento Pessoal (com seis subescalas de bem-estar psicológico). Para comparação das variáveis contínuas entre os dois grupos foi utilizado o teste de Mann-Whitney. Para analisar a relação entre as variáveis numéricas foi utilizado o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. Para avaliar a consistência interna dos instrumentos escalares foi calculado o coeficiente alpha de Cronbach. Resultados: Os dados revelaram que os participantes que frequentavam a Universidade Aberta à Terceira Idade há seis meses ou mais estavam altamente satisfeitos com a vida e com índices de ajustamento psicológicos superiores com relação aos que ingressaram atualmente na instituição estudada. Conclusão: Os resultados confirmaram os efeitos positivos da educação permanente para o bem-estar dos idosos e para um envelhecimento bem-sucedido.

Estrategias de aculturación y adaptación psicológica y sociocultural de estudiantes extranjeros en la Argentina / Acculturation strategies and psychological and sociocultural adaptation of foreign students in Argentina

Sobre la base del modelo de Berry se diseñó un estudio que tenía como objetivo analizar las estrategias aculturativas empleadas por un grupo de estudiantes extranjeros que habían migrado para realizar estudios universitarios en la Argentina. Se analizó el grado de éxito alcanzado en la implementación de dichas estrategias analizando la adaptación psicológica, la sociocultural, la académica, la satisfacción vital y la discriminación percibida. Se tomó en cuenta la perspectiva del migrante y la de los miembros de la cultura huésped. Participaron del estudio dos muestras de estudiantes universitarios (125 estudiantes extranjeros de diferentes carreras universitarias y 121estudiantes universitarios argentinos). Los instrumentos utilizados fueron los siguientes: las formas real e ideal de la Encuesta de Estrategias Aculturativas de Berry (1997), una escala de discriminación percibida y para examinar las medidas de adaptación, se administraron escalas de adaptación sociocultural y de adaptación académica diseñadas ad-hoc y la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida (Diener, Emmons, Larsen & Griffin, 1985). Los resultados señalan que la estrategia preferida es la integración y la menos utilizada, la de marginalización. Tanto la percepción del migrante como la del estudiante huésped coinciden con respecto al uso de la estrategia aculturativa preferida, coincidiendo las percepciones tanto del propio sujeto en proceso de aculturación como la de los miembros de la cultura receptora. La integración es la estrategia que trae mejores resultados adaptativos. Aquellos que optaron por el estilo integrativo, eran los migrantes que percibían mayor satisfacción con la vida y un mejor ajuste a la vida académica en general.

At present the number of foreign university student is one of the largest in modern history. It has been characterized as those who reside voluntarily and temporarily abroad in order to participate in educational exchange with the intention of returning to their country once they have achieved the purpose of their trip. These kinds of student have been classified as sojourners (temporary residents) and they are people who migrate from one cultural context for a relatively long time (6 months to 5 years). In the last decade Argentina start hosting a large amount of foreign university students, attracted by the language, the favorable economic conditions and the prestige of universities in Latin America. University students have to deal with a psychological phenomenon called acculturation and it is the process of psychological and cultural change resulting from intercultural contact. Adaptation to this event can be either psychological or cultural. The psychological is related to the well-being experienced as a result of cultural contact. Cultural adaptation involves the implementation of social skills needed to function effectively within a complex cultural environment. Based on acculturation Berry´s model a study was designed to test the acculturative strategies applied by a group of foreign students who had migrated to carry on university studies in Argentina. Berry propose two separate dimensions: (1) immigrants feel their cultural identity and customs as valuable enough to keep them in the host society (maintenance) and (2) relationships with other people or groups in society are truly valuable to identified and encouraged (participation). These dimensions lead to four acculturation strategies. (a) Integration: the migrant try to maintain their cultural heritage and also maintains contact with the dominant cultural group. (b) Assimilation: the individual does not retain their native culture and attempts to maintain contact only with dominant culture members. (c) Marginalization: occurs when the migrant has no interest or ability to pursue their native culture and it is unlikely to come into contact with the host culture. (d) Separation: this occurs when the migrant is able to maintain their original culture but avoid or cannot have interaction with the dominant group. We analyzed the degree of success achieved in implementing these strategies, assessing the psychological and sociocultural adjustment, academic achievement, life satisfaction, and perceived discrimination. It also was taken into account the perspective of the members of the host culture. This study involved two samples of university students (125 students of different nationalities and 121 Argentine university students). The instruments used were: Acculturative Strategies Survey (real and ideal forms - Berry, 1997), a scale of perceived discrimination, a psychological adjustment scale, a scale of adaptation sociocultural adaptation designed ad-hoc academic, and The Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985). The results indicate that the most preferred strategy is the integration and the least used was marginalization. The acculturation process is carried out taking into account aspects of both cultures. Perceptions of university students and members of the host culture are congruent. Integration is the strategy that brings better adaptive results. Migrants who opted for the integrative strategy perceived more life satisfaction and a better adjustment to academic life. By contrast, students who chose to retain only aspects relating to their cultural identity and avoid contact with the host culture (separation) are those with less sociocultural adaptation and also feel discriminated as a cultural group. Findings presented are important because the research using Berry´s model in Latin American population is scarce. There are also few investigations analyzing differential perceptions taking into account not only the point of view of the minority group (migrant population) but also the majority group (host culture).

Imagem corporal de mulheres com câncer de mama: uma revisão sistemática da literatura / Body image of women with breast cancer: a systematic review of literature

A mulher passa por um importante processo de reformulação da imagem corporal quando lida com o câncer de mama. Este artigo objetiva a compreensão da relação que o câncer de mama e seus tratamentos têm no processo de (re)elaboração da imagem corporal das mulheres, visando assim ao fomento de subsídios para a formação e a capacitação de profissionais de saúde mais atentos à promoção da qualidade de vida delas. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura de artigos científicos publicados entre 2004 e 2009 disponíveis em três bases de dado; 56 artigos foram revisados e agrupados em quatro categorias. Destacamos a necessidade de mais estudos que contemplem características socioculturais de mulheres com câncer de mama, sobre diferenças na (re)elaboração da imagem corporal de mulheres jovens e de mulheres mais velhas, e de publicações brasileiras sobre a experiência pessoal e aspectos socioculturais específicos de mulheres com câncer de mama.

Women experience a major process of reshaping their body image when they deal with breast cancer. This article seeks to understand the relationship that breast cancer and its treatment have in the process of (re)construction of a woman's body image. The ultimate objective is to promote knowledge to train health professionals to become more aware of a woman's quality of life. A systematic review of the literature of scientific articles published between 2004 and 2009 available in three scientific databases was conducted and a total of 56 articles were reviewed and grouped into four thematic categories. There is a pressing need for further studies on the socio-cultural characteristics of women with breast cancer, the differences of (re)construction of body image of young and older women, and Brazilian publications about the personal experience and socio-cultural context of women with breast cancer.